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  Electricity

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  Renewable electricity

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  Fossil heat

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  Renewable heat

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  Transport fuels

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  Other fuels

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  Infrastructure

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  Fuel chain emissions

Transport Fuels

What mix of transport fuels will you use? What part will be renewable? read more

What mix of transport fuels will you use? What part will be renewable?

Keep in mind what you have already filled in for the sections 'Demand', 'Costs' and 'Goals'. At the bottom of the screen ('Targets met'), you can see how many of your own policy targets you meet with the current transport fuel mix. If you move your cursor over this indicator, you will see a table with more details. hide text

• Diesel

  How much of the diesel used in road transport will come from renewable sources? Do consider the impact on land (and sea) use for growing the required crops.

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  Diesel
  Diesel has a higher energy content than gasoline, and diesel engines tend to be more energy efficient than gasoline engines. Due to emissions of fine particulate matter, filters are becoming mandatory in most parts of the world.
  Biodiesel
  Biodiesel can be made from a range of vegetable or animals fats. Seed oils are particularly popular. Diesel produced from algae has captured people's imagination, since growing crops for biodiesel often still competes for space with growing food. So far, it accounts for only a small percentage of the total production of bio-diesel.
  
  Engines can run on bio-diesel without modifications, but the vegetable-based diesels tend to be rather corrosive to the engine.

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• Gasoline

  How much of the gasoline used will come from renewable sources? Do not forget that currently, growing the required crops competes with food production for arable land.

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  Gasoline
  Gasoline started out as a refinery waste product! Nowadays it is the most common fuel for cars, even though it is neither particularly clean, nor very efficient.
  Bio-ethanol
  Bio-ethanol is a partial replacement for gasoline. Engines can run on bio-ethanol without needing re-tuning if not too much bio-ethanol is mixed with gasoline. High percentages of bio-ethanol require minor modifications to engines in order to retain efficiency.

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• Aviation fuels

  How much of the aviation fuel used will come from renewable sources? Do not forget that currently, growing the required crops competes with food production for arable land.

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  Fossil fuel
  Fossil fuels for aviation can be several, but the bulk of it is kerosine, which is used for all large aircraft.
  Bio-based fuel
  Bio-based aviation fuels are still in an experimental stage. Transatlantic flights have been completed successfully, during which one of four (or more) engines used a bio-diesel derived from algae. Since airplanes need so much high-energy fuel, it remains to be seen whether such bio-fuels can ever make a large dent in the fossil fuel use.

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• Marine fuels

  How much of the fuel used by ships will come from renewable sources? Do not forget that currently, growing the required crops competes with food production for arable land.

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  Fossil fuel
  Large ships use tar-like fractions of oil, which tend to be a waste product of all but the most advanced refineries. This makes this fuel very cheap (and rich in energy). The smaller a ship becomes, the closer its fuel will tend to common diesel.
  Bio-based fuel
  Bio-based fuels for navigation are not common. Very large ocean-faring vessels tend to use extremely heavy tar-like oil fractions that will probably never be replaced by bio-fuels, as this is hardly economical. Furthermore, since ships are relatively efficient, you might wonder whether it is a good idea to have them run on bio-fuels. Road transport being far less efficient, bio-fuels will have a much larger impact there.